Welcome to the enchanting land of Finland – a Nordic treasure teeming with vibrant cities, stunning natural beauty, and a culture as rich as its history. This travel guide is designed for intrepid explorers seeking to immerse in the captivating realms of a country where modernity skilfully intertwines with old-world charm. From a deep-dive into the Finnish lifestyle to a gastronomic journey through traditional cuisine, this guide serves as your comprehensive roadmap to Finland. Traverse through popular sights, engage in adrenaline-pumping activities, and equip yourself with practical information for a seamless Finnish adventure.
Understanding Finnish Culture and People
The Richness of Finnish History
Finland, despite being one of the youngest countries in Europe, boasts a rich history that has been shaped by years of political fluctuation and resilience. Finland declared its independence from Russia in 1917, after centuries of Swedes and Russians dominating its culture and politics. Today, traces of both Russian and Swedish influences can be seen in Finland’s architecture, cuisine, and language, which adds to its unique cultural identity.
Language
Finnish, a Uralic language, and Swedish are Finland’s two official languages, with about 5% of the population being Swedish-speaking. Adding to the linguistic mix, Inari Sami, an indigenous language, is also spoken in Finland. The Finnish are committed to multilingualism with children being taught multiple languages in school, making English slightly common.
Customs and Traditions
Finnish customs and traditions are deeply rooted in the country’s history and nature. The relationship with nature is paramount, emphasised during the celebration of Midsummer’s Day, where it is traditional to escape the city’s hustle and bustle for the calmness of the countryside. Saunas are another integral part of Finnish culture with almost every household owning one; it’s a place for relaxation, contemplation and even socialisation.
Education in Finland
The Finnish people regard education highly, explaining their globally renowned education system. Schooling is compulsory for all children aged between 7 and 16, and after this, they can choose whether to continue their studies at a vocational or general upper secondary school. High value is placed on creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving, which is why their students consistently achieve some of the best results worldwide in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).
Public Safety
Finland consistently tops the global peace index, making it one of the safest countries to visit. The crime rate is relatively low and the public safety standards are extremely high. Emergency services are reliable and easily accessible. Tourists often comment on feeling safe during their stay, regardless of where they travel in the country.
Healthcare
Healthcare in Finland is well renowned for its high standard of care. The country operates a universal health care system, which is funded by taxes and contributions. It provides healthcare services to all residents, regardless of their financial situation. Moreover, it’s imperative to mention that Finland has been significantly successful in handling the COVID-19 pandemic with timely responses and strict safety measures.
The Finnish Lifestyle
Reverence to nature aside, Finns are known for their love of design, music, and coffee. Helsinki, the capital of Finland, is often referred to as the “Design Capital” with its abundant design stores, museums, and Art Nouveau buildings. Finns also have a high regard for music, hosting numerous music events such as Savonlinna Opera Festival, Pori Jazz, and Ilosaarirock. The nation consumes more coffee per capita than any other country, making the coffee culture here strong and vibrant.
Finely-versed on Finnish Culture
Appreciating the subtle cultural nuances of Finland will substantially enhance your travel adventure. Finns’ understated manners, profound appreciation for nature and coffee, together with their elevated lifestyle standards, offer a genuinely distinctive Nordic experience.
Sightseeing in Finland
The Fascinating Allure of Helsinki, the Capital
The captivating Finnish capital, Helsinki, serenely marries both bygone and contemporary times. You will spot impressive neoclassical edifices like the glorious Helsinki Cathedral – a majestic white and gold symbol overlooking the city. Not to forget, the fortress of Suomenlinna, a highly-regarded UNESCO World Heritage site, takes you back into an enriching historical journey to the 18th century.
In addition to the old, Helsinki also splendidly displays its taste for modern architecture, evidenced by the sleek Kiasma Museum of Contemporary Art. The lively food scene here will not fail to impress you either, with a mix of traditional Finnish gastronomy and mildly-spiced Eastern dishes being highlights in local cafes and markets – the Market Square being an absolute must for food devotees.
Espoo: Natural and Cultural Extravaganza
The second largest city, Espoo, is a host to five centres, each with a flavour of its own. The city is home to Nuuksio National Park, a lush green gem that is perfect for hiking and bird-watching. Espoo also houses the important UNESCO site – the Bronze Age Burial Site of Sammallahdenmäki.
Cultural offerings include the Espoo City Museum, which encapsulates the history of the region, and the modern art housed in the EMMA – Espoo Museum of Modern Art. The Espoo Cultural Centre is another significant spot, a hub for cultural events and festivals.
Tampere: Industrial Heritage and Nature’s Abundance
Once a powerhouse of the Finnish textile industry, Tampere has seamlessly transitioned into a modern city without losing its historical roots. The city is distinguished by its industrial heritage, typified by the Finlayson Complex, a former cotton mill turned arts and entertainment centre.
The natural beauty surrounding Tampere is mesmerising. The Pyynikki observation tower offers panoramic views over wild forests and the two large lakes bordering the city – Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. Be sure to try the tower’s famous doughnuts, known throughout Finland!
Turku: A Journey Through Time
Once the capital of Finland, Turku remains a significant city due to its historical depth. It’s home to the majestic Turku Castle, dating back to the 13th century, which mesmerises with its intricate detailing. The adjacent historical district of Luostarinmäki, a surviving wooden relic of pre-industrial Finland, also offers appeal.
Turku’s riverside scene is vibrant. A bit of a foodie’s paradise with countless restaurants, cafes and bars. The River Aura provides a picturesque backdrop for an enchanting evening walk.
Lapland: A Winter Wonderland
Lapland, a province in the north, is undoubtedly one of Finland’s most captivating destinations, particularly during winter when the region transforms into a snow-laden paradise. It’s known for its phenomenal Northern Lights displays, and as the home of Santa Claus, in the enchanting Santa Claus Village.
The rugged beauty of the national parks, such as Urho Kekkonen and Lemmenjoki, will enthuse nature lovers, while the bustling winter sports scene at ski resorts like Levi, Ylläs, and Pyhätunturi provides adrenaline-pumping excitement.
Notable National Parks
Besides the Nuuksio and the Lapland parks, Koli National Park and Archipelago National Park are also must-visits. Koli for its dramatic landscapes and panoramic views, and the Archipelago, with its six thousand islands, provides a unique coastal wilderness experience.
Museums and Architectural Wonders
Finland’s cities are packed with intriguing museums and stunning architectural marvels. The Seurasaari Open-Air Museum in Helsinki, which offers a glimpse into 18th and 19th century rural life, and the wonderfully eclectic collection of the Turku Art Museum are some key examples. The cutting-edge design of Oulu City Library exhibits Finnish architectural innovation.
Finland is a splendid amalgamation of captivating natural landscapes, historical depth, and dynamic urban presence. Its vivacious cities are bursting with an array of cultural marvels, simultaneously, the country’s natural splendour intricately intertwined with everyday life provides a unique charm that is hard to rival. Whether it’s the thrill of city life or the peace accorded by the wilderness that you prefer, Finland offers it all in impressive abundance.
RELATED BLOG:
Finnish Cuisine
Indulging in Finnish Cuisine: A Unique Culinary Adventure
Finnish culture is deliciously encapsulated through its unique and relatively unexplored cuisine. The gastronomic landscape of Finland is crafted by its geographical distinctiveness, niche farming practices, and historical influences. The country’s cuisine marries hearty comfort food with fresh local ingredients, creating dishes that not only offer sustenance during the harsh winters, but also stand out in terms of their delectable flavours and textural variance.
One of the most popular dishes within classic Finnish food is Karelian Pies
Originating from Karelia – a region that Finland shares with Russia – these rye-based pies are typically filled with rice, but sometimes also with potato or carrot. They’re served with a spread of egg butter, a concoction of boiled eggs and butter. Not only do these pies have a fascinating history, but they’re also symbolic of Finland’s resilience and creativity in using accessible ingredients.
Another Finnish staple is Mämmi
A traditional dessert made during Easter. Its appearance may not be visually appealing, as it is a slightly sticky, dark brown dessert made from water, rye flour, and powdered malted rye. Despite the unconventional appearance, Mämmi is a revered national dish that holds a special place in Finnish Easter tradition and celebrations.
Drinks: Traditional and Modern Concoctions
Finland’s home-grown beverages are as diverse as its food. When it comes to traditional alcoholic beverages, one must try Sahti – Finland’s ancient version of beer, brewed with a variety of grains, malt and flavoured with juniper berries. Another must-try is Salmiakki Koskenkorva or “Salmari”, a popular salty liquorice flavoured shot made from Koskenkorva Viina (a brand of vodka) and Tyrkisk Peber candy.
However, the drink that steals the spotlight in Finland is coffee
The Finns are one of the largest coffee consumers globally, with their enthusiasm for this hot beverage leading to traditional coffee-serving ceremonies, especially in rural areas.
Special Dining Traditions
Finnish cuisine’s charm also lies in its dining traditions. The Finns have a unique tradition of ‘Rapujuhlat’ or Crayfish parties, typically hosted during late summer. Families and friends gather around long tables adorned with lanterns, enjoying crayfish boiled in dill-infused water and served cold – all while sipping on schnapps and singing traditional songs. It’s a tradition that showcases the Finns’ love for local produce and community gatherings.
Exploring the Simplicity and Nutritious Aspects of Finnish Cuisine
When it comes to food, Finland treasures simplicity, freshness, and nutritious values above fancy presentations and complex concoctions. From the homely Karelian pies, the hearty Reindeer stew traditionally enjoyed during the winter, the summer savoury of new potatoes paired with herring, to the universally cherished rustic rye bread – each represents the resilience, rustic charm, and undying spirit innate to the Finnish culture and its history.
Adventurous Activities in Finland
Thrilling Outdoor Activities in the Finnish Landscape
Nestled in the far north, Finland boasts a convention of unending wilderness bathed in mystical light shows and winter terrains blanketed in snow. These natural canvases stage a host of vibrant outdoor adventures, ranging from the exciting rush of ice climbing to the tranquil pleasure of ice fishing amid the serene Finnish wilderness.
Skiing and Snowboarding
Renowned for its ski resorts, Finland caters to skiers and snowboarders of every level. The best time to indulge in these activities typically falls between February to April when days are longer and temperatures slightly more bearable. Levi and Ruka are amongst the best-known ski resorts, offering impressive snow-reliable slopes and an equally enthralling après-ski life. For those seeking to try ski surfing or extreme off-trail skiing, the fell landscapes in Finnish Lapland like Ylläs-Pallastunturi National Park serve as ideal spots. Be aware of weather conditions and avalanche alerts, and gear up with the necessary safety equipment.
Hiking and Nature Trips
One can truly experience the untouched Finnish nature when hiking through the country’s diverse wilderness. The national parks of Finland, each with distinct terrains and features, serve as perfect hiking spots. Considered one of the best hiking destinations, Pallas-Yllästunturi National Park provides marked trails against a backdrop of fells and taiga forests, with a chance to spot rare bird species and reindeer.
Hiking is feasible all year round; however, a summer hike provides longer days and a full bloom of Finnish flora. It’s crucial to wear appropriate gear, have a residual knowledge of the trail map and markers, and carry a adequate supply of food and water.
Fishing
Fishing in Finland is an experience like no other. Finland boasts thousands of lakes with rich populations of fish like pike, zander, and perch. Kainuu region and the larger Lake Saimaa are favored fishing locales. Winter months allow for a truly unique experience, ice fishing, where individuals bore a hole in the ice covering a lake or a quiet river.
Finland’s Everyman’s Right allows one to fish with a simple rod and line almost everywhere. However, for more extensive fishing, it’s mandatory to purchase a fishing permit. It’s also important to respect local regulations and seasons for fishing certain species.
Northern Lights
The Northern Lights, or Aurora Borealis, are a natural spectacle of ethereal glowing ribbons painting the sky – a phenomenon which can be witnessed in Finland. Viewing this celestial occurrence is possible from the autumn months, September, through the start of spring, March. Finnish Lapland, in particular, Rovaniemi and Ivalo, provides ideal dark-sky locations to view this phenomenon.
While witnessing the Northern Lights, you should be prepared for the extreme cold temperatures. These temperatures can sometimes fall below -20 degrees Celsius, ensuring that warm, protective clothing is essential. There are also apps where you can monitor the Northern Lights forecast to ensure a successful viewing.
A land graced with a wealth of diverse natural landscapes, Finland captivates its visitors by offering an array of exhilarating activities for those with a bold, adventurous spirit. Undoubtedly, it is a coveted, must-visit destination for any seasoned or aspiring traveller.
Practical Information for Travelling to Finland
Visa and Vaccination Considerations
If you are journeying to Finland from a country within the Schengen Area, you will not require a visa. However, travellers from other countries may need a visa dependent on their nationality and the length of their stay. It is advisable to refer to the Finnish Immigration Services’ official website to ascertain specific visa prerequisites. Do bear in mind that there are no obligatory vaccinations for Finland, unless your travel originates from a region with an active yellow fever epidemic.
Best Times to Visit
The best time to visit Finland depends on the activities you’re interested in. If you want to experience the midnight sun, visit in summer, from June to August. Christmas in Finland is also a unique experience with chances of seeing the Northern Lights. For winter sports like skiing and snowboarding, the best time to visit is from December to April when the country is covered in snow.
Packing Tips
If you’re travelling in summer, pack lightweight clothing but remember to bring a jacket or a sweater because evenings can be cool. Waterproof clothing is also recommended due to occasional rain showers. And don’t forget your sunglasses, since sunlight in summer often lasts until midnight.
In winter, it’s essential to dress warmly with multiple layers, weatherproof outer layers, insulated shoes and gloves, and a hat to protect against the cold.
Accommodation Options
Finland offers a wide variety of accommodation options depending on your budget and preferences. Hotels, inns, and bed & breakfasts are common in cities and towns. For a more cultural experience, consider renting a summer cottage, often situated by lakes in serene reserves. There are also plenty of holiday villages, camping sites and farm stays available.
Local Transport
Finland’s public transport network is efficient and reliable, with buses, trams, trains, and metros operating in major cities. Taxis are also available but can be expensive. Finland also has an excellent network of domestic flights connecting various sections of the country. If you prefer to drive, car rental services are available and roads are well maintained.
Currency Information
The official currency of Finland is the Euro (€). Credit cards are widely accepted, and ATMs are readily available. It’s recommended to have some cash on hand for small purchases or in more remote areas.
Local Customs and Etiquette
Finns value punctuality, honesty, and personal space. When meeting someone, a firm handshake, direct eye contact, and a smile are common. Greeting by kissing, even on the cheek, is rare in Finland. It is not uncommon for Finns to remain silent during a conversation, as silence is not seen as awkward or uncomfortable.
Language
Finnish is the official language, but Swedish is also spoken by some. English is widely understood, particularly among younger people and in urban areas.
Food and Drink
Traditional Finnish cuisine usually includes fish, potatoes, and rye bread, often served with butter and cheese. Finland is also famous for its coffee culture, so don’t miss out on a warm cup paired with a delicious Finnish pastry.
Cellular Services
Finland has an excellent cellular network coverage. Check with your service provider for roaming services or consider purchasing a local SIM card for data and calls on arrival.
Safety Tips
Finland is generally a safe country to travel with low crime rates, but it’s always wise to take precautions. Always keep your belongings secure and be mindful of your surroundings. Invest in travel insurance to provide coverage against any unforeseen incidents or accidents.
With its stunning blend of captivating landscapes, serene snow-laden panoramas, and sophisticated urban life, Finland is a realm like none other. The beauty of Finnish culture, food, and adventure, interlaced with vital practical information, paints a detailed canvas of what a journey through this Nordic gem may look like. As you step beyond the pages of guidebooks into the heart of Finnish charm, may your adventures be filled with limitless experiences, abundant joy, and cherished memories. Pack your bags, fasten your wanderlust, and let the exciting journey through Finland’s breathtaking landscapes and vibrant cities begin.
