Armenia, a land of timeless beauty, enchanting landscapes, and rich cultural heritage, promises an unforgettable travel experience. As a crossroad of history, nestled between Europe and Asia, it holds within its borders captivating landmarks, tantalising gastronomy, and untold stories that have shaped the nation. This guide aims to serve as your trusty travel companion, illuminating the must-see historical and cultural sites in Armenia, savouring the unique flavours of Armenian cuisine, and navigating the local transportation. Also included is the tailored advice on choice accommodations along with essential travel tips to ensure a seamless journey into the heart of this fascinating country.
Armenian Historical and Cultural Sites
Exploring the Iconic Mother Armenia Statue
Positioned in Victory Park overlooking the Armenian capital city of Yerevan, the Mother Armenia statue is a compelling symbol of national pride. The statue stands at 22 metres high, and when combined with the 51 metre pedestal, it is imposing and immediately visible from much of the city. Mother Armenia personifies an Armenia that is strong and protective. There is no entrance fee to visit the statue, and it is accessible 24 hours every day, making it an affordable and flexible choice. Getting there is easy – a short taxi journey from the city centre will take about 10 minutes.
Discover Etchmiadzin Cathedral
Etchmiadzin Cathedral, located in the city of Vagharshapat, is considered one of the oldest cathedrals in the world, having been originally built in 301-303 AD. It is a symbol of the Armenian Apostolic Church, both architecturally and spiritually. The cathedral is open from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM from Monday to Sunday, and there is no entrance fee. However, donations are welcomed and used for the maintenance of the building. The cathedral can be reached by taking a 20-minute drive from Yerevan. Public transport is also available, with buses running every half hour.
Visiting Ancient Temple and Monasteries
Armenia is, without doubt, a treasure trove of ancient temples and monasteries, many of which are in locations of stunning natural beauty. Garni Temple, a pagan temple that was built in the first century AD, is the only Greco-Roman colonnaded building in Armenia. It opens at 10:00 AM daily and closes at 6:00 PM, with an entrance fee of 1500 AMD.
The Enchanted Monastery of Geghard, partially carved out of the adjacent mountain and surrounded by cliffs, represents a unique blend of natural and man-made beauty. It is open from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM daily, and there is no entrance fee. Both Garni Temple and Geghard Monastery can be reached within an hour’s drive from Yerevan.
Khor Virap Monastery, with its spectacular view of Mount Ararat, is renowned for its large deep dungeon where Saint Gregory the Illuminator was imprisoned for 13 years. From May to October, the site opens at 8:00 AM and closes at 8:00 PM. The rest of the year, it opens at 9:00 AM and closes at 5:00 PM. The entry is free of charge. Khor Virap Monastery is a 45-minute drive south from Yerevan.
As visitors, it’s crucial to be respectful towards the spiritual values of the country you’re exploring. This is particularly pertinent when visiting religious sites. Dressing modestly shows reverence for the faith expressed in these sacred places.
Armenian Gastronomy
Diving into the Armenian Culinary Scene
Stepping away from the spiritual, let’s dive into the gastronomic culture of Armenia, which is as rich as its religious heritage. The country’s cuisine, a blend of tastes hailing from historic traditions, offers an exciting culinary journey. Rooted in rustic simplicity, Armenian food reflects the enriching use of grains, an assortment of vegetables, an array of fresh herbs, and delightfully traditional spices, creating a unique spectrum of flavours that dance on your palate.
Key Armenian Dishes
Khorovats – skewered and grilled meat pieces – is the star of Armenian cuisine. Dating back to pagan times and festivities, this dish usually features pork, although beef, lamb, and even chicken can be used. The meat, often marinated in simple seasonings like salt, onions, and pepper, is cooked over an open fire.
Armenians love their bread and have a great selection, but Lavash steals the show. This thin, flexible bread is made in a tonir (clay oven) and is a staple in most meals. It even has a place on UNESCO’s list of Intangible Cultural Heritage, recognised for its importance in Armenian culture.
Dolma is another must-try dish, comprised of grape leaves filled with a mixture of minced meat and grains.
Traditional Drinks and Local Delicacies
In terms of drinks, Armenia is often hailed as the birthplace of viticulture, with the world’s oldest winery dating back to 4100 BC discovered here. Therefore, it’s no surprise that Armenian wine, particularly the semi-sweet red wine, holds a special place in the gastronomic scene.
However, it’s not just wine that should be tasted, but Armenian brandy too – which, interestingly, was Winston Churchill’s favourite.
For a non-alcoholic treat, try ‘Tan’, a yoghurt-based drink that is simultaneously refreshing and tangy.
Top spots for an Authentic Culinary Experience
On your travel through the Armenian culinary world, Yerevan – the capital city – has many spots providing an alluring gastronomic experience. If you are a vegetarian or just enjoy plant-based meals, Aghi’s is a must-try. For a traditional Armenian barbeque, At Gayanes is a great pick.
You should also explore markets like the Gumi Shuka. It is a fabulous place to taste a variety of local cheeses, dried fruits, and traditional pastries, such as Gata – a circular sweet bread filled with a dense sugar and butter paste.
Venturing outside the capital, in the Vayots Dzor Province, The Old Bridge restaurant in Yeghegnadzor serves spectacular local delicacies.
A foray into Armenia promises a tantalising array of culinary traditions- a veritable feast for the senses. Steeped in rich history, these food customs offer a fusion of tastes capable of pleasing every palette. Whether you’re a seasoned gastronome or a newcomer to the world of gourmet cuisine, a culinary expedition through the age-old landscapes of Armenia ensures an experience flush with both excitement and memorable moments.
Transportation in Armenia
Armenia’s Public Bus System
In the realm of transport, Armenia’s public bus system reigns as an efficient and sought after mode of travel. These buses, operating on numerous trajectories criss-crossing through both urban and rural localities, provide an affordable way to traverse the terrains. In the heart of the nation, Yerevan, this service is exceptionally reliable, running from the crack of dawn until the late hours of the evening. Schedules and routes can easily be obtained online with the fare, on average, setting you back a mere 100 Armenian Dram.
Taxis and Ride-Sharing Apps
Taxis are abundant in Armenia, especially in the capital city, Yerevan. They are quite affordable with an average cost starting around 600 Dram per kilometre, making them a convenient option for travelling shorter distances or for quick trips. One can easily find a taxi on the street, but for convenience, you can also book through taxi companies or use ride-sharing apps. Popular ride-sharing services such as Yandex and gg are widely used and provide an easy method to order a taxi anytime and anywhere.
Train Travel in Armenia
Train service in Armenia is limited compared to other forms of public transportation. There’s only one main line running from the capital city Yerevan to Gyumri and then onto Batumi in neighbouring Georgia. Train travel in Armenia is slow but scenic and mostly used by travellers looking for a unique experience rather than efficiency. Train schedules and fares can be found online, and it’s advised to book tickets in advance especially during the peak travel seasons.
Renting a Car in Armenia
Renting a car provides the ultimate freedom to explore Armenia at your own pace. Numerous car rental agencies are available in major cities like Yerevan and Gyumri, offering a wide range of vehicles to choose from. To rent a car, you will need a valid driving license from your home country and an International Driving Permit (IDP). Prices range depending on the type of car, but you can expect to pay on average from 20,000 to 30,000 Dram per day. Be aware that while the main roads in Armenia are in fair condition, the secondary roads can often be in poor state.
Marshrutkas: The Go-To Public Transport
In Armenia, “marshrutkas,” or minibuses, are a popular form of transportation. Typically following a fixed route, these minibuses cater to passengers who need to travel between towns and cities. Despite fares being marginally above those of regular buses, marshrutkas offer convenience with their frequency and malleable stopping points – you only have to inform the driver when you wish to disembark. Do keep in mind that they can get quite full, especially during peak hours.
Accommodation in Armenia
Accommodation in Armenia: A Variety of Choices
When it comes to accommodation options in Armenia, the offerings are premium and diverse, catering to all types of travellers and budget ranges. Whether one prefer a luxurious hotel, an authentic guesthouse, or the independence afforded by a holiday rental, they will find a place to create a home away from home in this versatile country.
Hotels in Armenia
Hotels in Armenia provide a range of options from the luxurious five-star establishments to budget-friendly three-star lodgings. The capital city, Yerevan, is dotted with numerous high-end hotels such as the Alexander, a Luxury Collection Hotel, and the Marriott Hotel Yerevan, both offering opulent rooms, excellent service, and exquisite dining options. The hotels are often positioned within proximity of major attractions and offer amenities from spa centres and swimming pools to fitness facilities and conference rooms. However, those looking for more economical options can find solace in budget hotels such as the Ibis Yerevan Center, the Nova Hotel, and the Silk Road Hotel, which offer comfortable accommodations, albeit with fewer luxury amenities.
Guest Houses in Armenia
Guest houses in Armenia offer an authentic and homely experience. They are particularly prevalent in smaller towns and rural areas. These accommodations typically include comfortable rooms often with shared bathrooms, a communal kitchen, and occasionally recreational spaces such as a garden or a lounge. Guest Houses such as the Armine’s B&B and the Edgar Guest House are known to provide warm hospitality, delicious home-cooked meals, and an unparalleled immersion into Armenian culture.
Vacation Rentals in Armenia
Vacation rentals, made increasingly popular via platforms like Airbnb and Booking.com, provide an alternative to the traditional hotel or guesthouse experience. They range from elegant city apartments in the heart of Yerevan to idyllic cottages nestled within Armenia’s spectacular mountain ranges. These rentals offer privacy, flexibility, and often a higher degree of autonomy – making them suitable for families or extended stay travellers.
Booking Your Stay
There are various ways to book your stay in Armenia. Traditional travel agencies offer a comprehensive approach, allowing you to book your accommodation along with your flights and excursions. Many prefer to use online platforms like the aforementioned Airbnb or Booking.com for increased flexibility and the vast number of options available. Prices for accommodation can vary significantly based on the type of lodging, location, and the time of year, so it’s advisable to compare different options to make an informed decision.
High-rated Choices
Among the highly-rated accommodation options in Armenia are The Alexander, The Ararat Mountain Resort, and the Cherry Orchard B&B. The Alexander is a top-rated choice among luxury seekers for its lavish amenities and prime location. The Ararat Mountain Resort is favored for its stunning location and luxurious yet cozy atmosphere, and the Cherry Orchard B&B is beloved for its mindful hospitality and rustic charm.
Whether you’re globetrotting on a shoestring or have the means for more luxurious digs, Armenia’s delightful mishmash of hospitality options covers it all. Delve into the country’s captivating heritage and stunning landscapes, safe in the knowledge that your accommodation, irrespective of your predilections or purse strings, will afford you all the necessary comforts and conveniences.
Local Customs and Useful Travel Tips
Understanding Armenian Etiquette and Customs
Living among rugged mountains has instilled an unyielding spirit in Armenians, and their renowned hospitality shines just as brightly. A visit to an Armenian home often warrants a polite gift. Get ready for generous family gatherings that manifest in boisterous conversations and an overabundance of food, as family is at the heart of Armenian culture.
Armenians cherish tradition and politeness. Begin by offering a simple “Barev” – their warm equivalent of “Hello”. Always use proper titles and show reverence for elders. Although Russian remains predominantly spoken, with English gaining traction with the youth, an effort to navigate the Armenian language, no matter how minimal, will certainly not go unappreciated.
Currency and Bargaining
The official currency in Armenia is the Dram (AMD), and ATMs are available throughout the country. Cards are accepted at major hotels, restaurants and shops, however, cash is still preferred in many places, especially when venturing outside the capital, Yerevan.
When it comes to bargaining, while not prevalent in traditional retail outlets, it’s common practice in open-air markets. One can experience the millennia-old Armenian trading spirit in flea markets like Vernissage in Yerevan.
Safety and Tips
Armenia is considered a safe country for tourists. However, usual precautions should be taken. Be cautious of your belongings in crowded places, and avoid walking alone late in the city outskirts. Traffic can be a little chaotic, so be particularly alert when crossing streets.
In case of emergencies, the number for fire, police, and ambulance services is 112.
Visa Requirements and Seasonal Considerations
For most countries, a visa on arrival is available for Armenia at a nominal fee, but it’s suggested to check the current regulations with the Armenian consulate in your country before travelling.
The recommended time for visiting Armenia is from June till mid-October. The atmosphere during this time is cosy, with pleasant highland summers and early autumns. The winters, on the other hand, can be quite chilly, especially in regions with altitudes above 1500 metres.
Useful Travel Tips
Public transport in Armenia is largely made up of minibuses known as marshrutkas. These are an affordable way to travel around, but they tend to get crowded, so taxis might be a more comfortable option if that’s a concern. Additionally, English is not typically spoken by drivers, so it may be beneficial to have your destination written down in Armenian.
Another useful tip is to keep a scarf on hand, particularly for women, as it’s required to cover your head when entering an Armenian Apostolic church. In terms of clothing, while casual western-style dress is typical in Yerevan, it’s recommended to dress more conservatively when visiting rural areas.
Last but not least, tap water in Yerevan is perfectly safe to drink and is considered some of the cleanest in the world. However, when travelling outside the capital, it’s advisable to stick to bottled water.
Immersing yourself in the Armenian culture demands understanding and observing their customs and practices. Keeping these tips in mind will enable you to enjoy a seamless Armenian adventure.
Embarking on a voyage to Armenia is a venture into a rich tapestry of history, culture, gastronomy, and stunning natural beauty. Infused with time-honoured traditions, and decorated with breathtaking landscapes, it is a thrilling exploration from the foot of Mount Ararat to the vibrant streets of Yerevan. This guide ensures you miss nothing along the way – from the iconic monasteries nestled in steep cliffs to the delightful Armenian cuisine. With the practical recommendations on transportation, accommodation, and invaluable local insights, you are well-prepared to fully immerse yourself in the Armenian adventure. May you savor each moment and carry back memories to last a lifetime.
